|
|
Methods for determination of tumor markers in the blood plasma and their clinical significance in diagnosing
Toman, Karel ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The thesis discusses the methods of determination of tumor markers and their clinical importance in medical diagnostics. The theoretical part describes clinically important tumor markers and also the chemiluminescent immunoassay methods used for their determination. The practical part of the thesis describes the introduction of new chemiluminescent methods for the determination of tumor markers in routine operation, evaluates its basic analytical parameters and compares it with the existing immunoturbidimetric method. The practical part also presents results of monitoring of cancer patients with various tumors, which is performed by evaluation of the values of tumor markers. Comparison of our method with other methods within the context of System of external quality control is also documented.
|
|
|
Stress-strain analysis of mandible with applied fixator due to the missing bone tissue
Fňukal, Jan ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the fixation of lower jaw with bone tissue defect using commercially produced fixator. Large defects of bone tissue are mainly caused due to the removal of bone tissue affected by tumor. These topics have been researched on the basis of the literature. Subsequently, stress strain analysis of the lower jaw with the applied fixation plate was performed. This analysis was solved by using computational modeling with variational approach, ie the finite element method. The work also describes in detail the procedure of creating model of geometry, model of material, model of boundary conditions and loads with subsequent solution of several computational models. The stress strain analysis was done for lower jaw with varying size of the removed bone tissue with applied reconstruction plate made of CP-Ti Grade 4 and for the lower jaw with the plate, which is made of -Ti-Mo. Finally, the influence of the mechanical properties of the callus during formation of new bone tissue (callus healing) on the stress and deformation of the solved system was evaluated.
|
|
|
Biomechanical Studies of Facial Bone
Valášek, Jiří ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Horyl, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Presented work deals with Biomechanical study of the facial skeleton. This work is focused on the fixation of the mandible after removal of a tumor from affected bone tissue. The aim of the work is to perform biomechanical study of the facial skeleton with subsequent detailed stress strain analysis of two mandible implants designed and manufactured for specific patients. The geometry model of mandible used for design of mandible implants and used for computational modelling has been obtained on the basis of CT data of two patients. A Theoretical-Clinical sub-study that deals with the comparison the CT data processing which is necessary for creating the model of geometry is a part of the thesis. Two models of mandible with applied mandible implant have been created for two specific patients with tumorous mandible bone tissue. Stress strain analysis has been performed for these two models. Results of the stress strain analysis of two models of mandibles with mandible implants are presented in the final chapters of the thesis. Findings of the biomechanical study have been published and applied in clinical practice.
|
|
|
Radiotherapy and skin care
NOVÁKOVÁ, Karolína
The bachelor thesis on the topic "Radiotherapy and skin care" deals with the adverse effects of ionizing radiation on the skin in the context of radiotherapy and how to care for the irradiated skin in terms of prevention of these adverse effects. The aim of the thesis was to describe the principle of radiotherapy and its effect on the human body, especially on irradiated areas of the skin, which may be more susceptible to adverse effects. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts and is divided into 6 chapters. The theoretical part focuses on the principles of radiotherapy, the adverse effects of ionizing radiation, specifically the adverse effects on irradiated skin and the possibilities of skin care. The practical part of the thesis deals with a questionnaire survey. The research design of the thesis was carried out by means of a questionnaire survey among cancer patients. The questionnaire was designed in a semi-structured form and then statistically processed. The results obtained from the questionnaire survey provide information on the level of awareness of cancer patients about the side effects of radiotherapy, their correct or sufficient instruction about the side effects, and their knowledge of proper care of irradiated skin to prevent radiation damage or to mitigate the effects of adverse effects on irradiated skin. The results of this work can be used as study material for radiology assistants and medical students to add to their professional knowledge of the effects of radiotherapy on the skin, or can also serve to streamline the process of providing information on the care of irradiated skin.
|
|
|
Preparation of mitotic inhibitors in the form of nanotransporters
Meskařová, Veronika ; Indra, Radek (advisor) ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee)
Cancer is one of the most widespread diseases that every third person will encounter it. It is a disease arising from the sudden growth and rapid division of own cells. Despite progress in treatment, an effectiveness is not sufficient, and cancer is the second most common cause of death. In addition, the treatment is associated with several side effects. Currently nanomedicine uses nanomaterials for transport drugs in cancer treatment. It is possible to deliver the drug to the target site, but also to reduce the systemic toxicity of the drug by binding the drug to a suitable nanotransporter. This diploma thesis deals with seeking the appropriate mass ratio of antitumor drugs, colchicine and docetaxel, and the nanotransporter apoferritin. The aim was to find suitable in vitro conditions for high drugs encapsulation into the nanotransporter. Drugs encapsulation took place under active and passive conditions. Active encapsulation was under way on opening and closing nanotransporter by changing pH environment in test tube. Drugs were dissolved in DMSO or water with addition of HCl to charge the drug molecules and improve the binding of the drug into nanotransporter. As part of passive encapsulation, drugs were incubated in surroundings of urea or bivalent metal ions. Overall, it can be concluded that...
|
|
|
Cancer and inclusion of the topic into biology education at high school
Baudyšová, Alžběta ; Kotvaltová Sezemská, Karolína (advisor) ; Chlebounová, Irena (referee)
Nowadays, cancer is one of the most common causes of death in developed countries. Despite the increased media coverage of the illness not all high school students are able to describe why and how tumours are developed and what is the correct prevention. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to design a novel teaching activity that will deepen the knowledge about the issues surrounding cancer and give students a greater insight into the disease. This teaching activity is based on cooperative learning - an instructional strategy where students work together on a common assignment. It will also confirm what students have learned so far in molecular and cell biology, human physiology or biochemistry. The activity was successfully validated in biology lessons at Prague high school. Key words Cancer, cooperative learning, high school, biology education
|
|
|
Impact of circadian system disruption on development of gastrointestinal disorders
Kubištová, Aneta ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
The ability to sense 24-hour cycles in external environment and to adapt to them is present in a great array of species living on the Earth. Mammals possess internal time-keeping system which is composed of circadian clocks located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypotalamus and peripheral clocks in various tissues and organs of the body. These clocks are adapting to the changes of external environment, such as light and dark cycles or feeding cycles. Peripheral clocks in the organs of the digestive system are synchronized with the signals derived from the central clock in the SCN and also with signals from food intake. Discordance between these signals may result in development of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) related to insufficient digestion or even in higher risk of developing a cancer. This bachelor thesis is generally aimed at circadian rhythms in the body, with the focus on rhythms in the GIT. It will deal with the importance of the circadian rhythms for correct GIT functions. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on connection between the desynchonization of the circadian clock and GIT disease development, namely of obesity and cancer.
|
|
|
Obesity and cancer
Maděřičová, Jarmila ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease that is becoming a serious problem for world health. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in most countries continues to rise, not only in adults but especially in children and adolescents. The Obesity is also a demonstrable risk factor for at least fourteen cancers, including a female breast, colorectal, endometrial or pancreas tumour. The aim of the Bachelor thesis was to evaluate the diets of cancer patients who are overweight or obese. Assess the effect of nutritional intervention on body weight and menu composition. Specifically, I focused on the intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids. The work is divided into two parts. The first part, theoretical, contains information on obesity, there are described possible mechanisms of tumour formation from adipose tissue, individual cancers related to obesity or the relationship of obesity to cancer recurrence. The second part, practical, describes research that consisted of a questionnaire survey of 40 patients and a menu calculation of 12 patients. The intake of total fats and saturated fatty acids was calculated 14 days prior to intervention and 14 days at the end of intervention. The research group included patients with breast cancer and BMI above 25 kg/m2 . Saturated fatty acids were most...
|
|
|
Quality of life of women with breast cancer
Vlachová, Nikol ; Matulová, Jana (advisor) ; Vachková, Eva (referee)
Author: Nikol Vlachová Institution: Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Department of Non-medical studies Title: Quality of life of women with breast cancer Supervisor: Mgr. Jana Matulová Number of pages: 101 Number of attachments: 3 Year of defense: 2021 Keywords: quality of life, breast cancer, cancer, WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire The bachelor's thesis deals with the quality of life of women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis deals with the concept of quality of life, as well as breast anatomy, breast cancer, epidemiology, etiology, prevention, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, side effects of breast cancer treatment, nursing care for patients diagnosed with breast cancer and organizations dealing with breast cancer. The empirical part examines the quality of life of women with breast cancer using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire survey.
|
|
|
lncRNA MIAT expression in cancer cells.
Jursová, Pavlína ; Eckschlager, Tomáš (advisor) ; Sztacho, Martin (referee)
LncRNAs have been shown, in many cases, to function as important regulators for gene expression and thus, they can play a critical role in various biological functions and disease processes including cancer. Myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) is one of the non-coding RNAs first identified as lncRNA in 2006 and originally isolated as a candidate gene for myocardial infarction. This long non-coding RNA is also involved in other diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, paranoid schizophrenia or microvascular dysfunction. MIAT has also been identified as a carcinogenic regulator in many malignant tumors. Numerous researches have reported that MIAT silencing reduces cell viability, proliferation and invasivity and enhances cellular senescence and apoptosis of cancer cells. Therefore, it is considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. MIAT is involved in cellular processes through various mechanisms. It regulates alternative splicing, gene expression or functions through ceRNA mechanism and thus influences biological processes related to the tumor formation. Furthermore, in this study have been found that relative expression of MIAT was increased in Ewing sarcoma cell lines.
|
guest ::
